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<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:15pt;"><b>第三章</b></span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:15pt;"><b> Linux</b></span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:15pt;"><b>操作系统的安装</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 21pt;"><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">因为笔者一直都是使用</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">CentOS</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">，所以这次安装系统也是基于</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">CentOS</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">的安装</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">把光盘插入光驱，设置</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">bios</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">光驱启动</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">进入光盘的欢迎界面</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: "><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_1.png"></span>

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<p style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">其中有两个选项，可以直接按回车，也可以在当前界面下输入</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"> linux text </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">按回车</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">前者是图形下安装，可以动鼠标的，后者是纯文字形式的</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">建议初学者用前者安装</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">直接回车后，出现一下界面：</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: "><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_27.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">	</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">这一步是要提示你是否要校验光盘，目的是看看光盘中的安装包是否完整或者是否被人改动过，一般情况下，如果是正规的光盘不需要做这一步操作，因为太费时间</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">接下来是：</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_28.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">这一步没有什么可说明的，直接点</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Next”</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_29.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">这里是选择安装系统时所用语言，笔者习惯用</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">English</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">，当然你也可以选择</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">Chinese(Simplified)</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">（简体中文），选择好后点</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Next”</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_30.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">这里是选择合适的键盘，我们平时使用的都是英文键盘，所以这里不用动，默认即可，直接</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Next”</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_31.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">到这里就会提示你，下面会分区，会初始化磁盘，磁盘上的数据会丢失，问你是否要初始化设备并清除磁盘上的数据</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">因为是空盘，所以选择</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Yes”</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_32.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">到这一步，就该分区了</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">其中一共有四种方式可以供你选择</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_33.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">第一种，在所选磁盘上把所有分区移除，然后按照默认的方式分区；</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">第二种，在所选磁盘上把所有</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">linux</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">分区移除（如果磁盘上有</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">windows</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">格式的分区，并不会移除），然后按照默认方式分区；</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">第三种，在所选磁盘上只使用空闲部分，并且按照默认方式分区；</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">第四种，用户自定义</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">这里我们选第四种</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">然后</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Next”</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_34.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_35.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">接下来该分区了，分区的很灵活，但大体上按照这个规则来（这是服务器上这样分，如果你是虚拟机，请看后边部分）：</span>
</p>
<ol>
    <li style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">/boot </span><span
            style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">分区</span><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"> 100M</span>
    </p></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_36.png"></span></p>
<ol start="2">
    <li style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">Swap </span><span
            style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">分区</span><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"> </span><span
            style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">内存的</span><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">2</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">倍，如果大于等于</span><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">4G</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">，则只需给</span><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">4G</span><span
            style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">即可</span></p></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 18pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_37.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 18pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<ol start="3">
    <li style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">/ </span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">分区给</span><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">20G </span></p></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 18pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_38.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 18pt;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<ol start="4">
    <li style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span
            style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">剩余空间给</span><span
            style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">/data </span></p></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_39.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">说明：</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">/boot </span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">分区是系统启动所需要的文件，就跟</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">windows</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">的</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">C</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">盘中的</span><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">windows </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">目录类似，这个分区中的文件并不大，只需要</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">100M</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">足够</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。Swap</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">分区是交换分区，当内存不够时，系统会把这部分空间当内存使用</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。/ </span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">分区，其实就是一个根目录，在以后的章节中会介绍到</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">现在不懂并没有关系，只要知道有这么一个东西即可</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。/data </span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">这个分区是我们自定义的，就是专门放数据的分区</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">	</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">如果你安装的是虚拟机，并且你只有</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">8G</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">的磁盘空间，那么我建议你这样分区：</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">1  /boot  100M</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">2  swap </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">内存的</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">2</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">倍</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">3  /  </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">全部剩余空间</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">分区完后，点</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Next”</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_40.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">可以在</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">Use a boot loader password </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">前面打勾，这个选项的作用是，给</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">boot loader </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">加一个密码，为了防止有人通过光盘进入单用户模式修改</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">root</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">密码</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">下面的选项同样可以打勾，笔者从来没有用过该功能，如果你有兴趣，可以研究一下</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">然后下一步</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_41.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">这一步是配置网卡信息，可以现在自定义网卡的</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">IP</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">，和配置主机名，默认是通过</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">DHCP</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">获得，你也可以点</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">manually </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">自定义一个主机名，如</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"> mail.example.com 。</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">如果这两种方式都没有配置，那么</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">linux</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">会给你配置一个万能的主机名，即</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">localhost.localdomain </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">剩下的几个就不用配置了，默认留空</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">接着下一步，选择时区，在这里当然要选择我们所处的时区</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">Asia/Chongqing </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">如果没有</span><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">Chongqing</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">那就选择</span><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">Asia/Shanghai。</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_42.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">继续下一步</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_43.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">在这里自己定义一个</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">的密码，继续下一步</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_44.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">这里要我们选择要安装的包，笔者习惯自定义安装，需要点下面的</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“customize now”</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">然后下一步</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Desktop Environments” </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">看右侧，把</span><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">GNOME </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">前面的勾去掉，这个其实就是图形界面的安装包，如果不去掉这个勾，就会安装图形界面</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_45.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Applications” </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">除了</span><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">Editors </span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">前面的打勾以外，其他均不要勾选</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_46.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Development”</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">全部都要勾上</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_47.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Servers”</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">以及以下所有项都不要勾任何，然后下一步</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_48.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">点</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">Next </span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">后，系统就开始安装了</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_49.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">等过会后，会出现</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;"><img src="3_50.png"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">至此，</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">linux</span><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">系统已经安装完成了</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">接下来点</span><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">“Reboot”</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">重启一下，进入</span><span style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">linux</span><span
        style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">系统看看吧</span><span
        style="font-family:'Calibri';font-size:10.5pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:'宋体';font-size:10.5pt;">上一页 <a
        href="2.htm">图形界面还是命令窗口</a></span></p>
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        href="4.htm">初步进入linux世界</a></span></p>
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